GIS多准则的城市垃圾楼空间布局优化选址     

刘思君  靖常峰  杜明义  付艳丽  戴培培 《测绘科学》2018,(8):45-49

针对城市公共设施的传统选址方法较少考虑空间维度因素的问题,该文提出了基于地理信息系统(GIS)多准则的城市公共设施选址模型,利用GIS多准则技术基于空间维度分析了城市自然环境和人文要素等综合影响下的公共设施选址方法,并以城市垃圾楼选址为例进行了实例应用。实验结果表明:该方法不仅充分考虑了城市复杂的地理环境,还深度探究了影响城市公共设施选址的综合性因素。  相似文献   

形态参数下地表采动裂缝三维建模及可视化方法     

戴华阳  王祥  李军  郭俊廷  阎跃观 《测绘通报》2018,(2):148-153

实现对地表采动裂缝的三维建模及可视化能促进裂缝的形状、成因研究,并为开采沉陷监测和生态环境恢复提供科学支持。目前三维建模方法和软件主要面向建筑物、管道、地质体等地物地貌,若直接应用于地表裂缝的建模与表达会存在野外测绘工作量大、形态规律表达不准确、呈现不逼真等问题。本文结合三维地形建模、分形、空间插值等理论,提出了基于几何形态参数的地表裂缝三维建模方法,并利用ArcEngine平台实现了对裂缝的三维可视化;选取甘肃省东峡矿区为试验区,根据裂缝分布与形态预计参数,实现了对区域内裂缝的模拟,并通过与实测数据和高分辨率影像进行对比,验证了该方法能真实逼真呈现裂缝的形态、延伸与细节信息。  相似文献   

城区重度污染水体遥感识别研究     

李佳琦  戴华阳  李家国  朱利  周亚明 《测绘通报》2018,(5):54-58,140

城市污染水体整治对城市良好水环境具有重大意义。本文基于污染水体形成机理,构建污染水体遥感识别模型,实现了城市污染水体快速、高效、大范围的提取。本文以银川市为研究区,开展银川市污染水体遥感识别,并进行实地验证。验证结果表明污染水体遥感识别精度可达62.96%,共确定银川市污染水体12条,为银川市污染水体整治工作提供参考。此外,本文还分析了影响识别精度的原因,以提高后续污染水体遥感识别精度。由于遥感识别污染水体尚属首次,因此识别精度一般。在今后研究工作中,将会加入其他指标继续研究,以提高精度。  相似文献   

GPS-IMU辅助航空摄影测量误差来源分析与精度优化     

郝现琴  郝宪国  戴柱  田志强 《测绘与空间地理信息》2018,(4):124-127

针对GPS定位系统及IMU惯性测量导航在航空摄影测量发挥的巨大作用,本文阐述了GPS-IMU组合辅助航空摄影测量的基本原理和方法,分析了此项技术的主要误差来源,并对提高精度提出了可行性方案。该方案有助于航空摄影单位对此技术的学习和研究,并且在日常生产中灵活、高效地发挥此技术的优势[1]。  相似文献   

基于图形数据库NEO4J的政务空间信息融合研究     

张学之  戴立权  王冬梅  曲平 《测绘与空间地理信息》2018,(6):53-55

随着信息化测绘时代的快速发展,整个社会产生了大量的信息资源.从数据规模角度来说,政府拥有国内最为庞大的数据储量,掌握着大量的、权威的、关键的数据资源,是大数据时代的"财富"拥有者.整合图形数据库NEO4J自带的融合检索服务引擎,分析、整理、融合、统计这些数据,建立索引,提取有用信息,提供友好的查询服务界面,是在大数据时代背景下值得思考的问题.  相似文献   

A Nonlinear Representation of Model Uncertainty in a Convective-Scale Ensemble Prediction System     

Zhizhen XU  Jing CHEN  Mu MU  Guokun DAI  Yanan MA 《大气科学进展》2022,39(9):1432-1450

How to accurately address model uncertainties with consideration of the rapid nonlinear error growth characteristics in a convection-allowing system is a crucial issue for performing convection-scale ensemble forecasts. In this study, a new nonlinear model perturbation technique for convective-scale ensemble forecasts is developed to consider a nonlinear representation of model errors in the Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System (GRAPES) Convection-Allowing Ensemble Prediction System (CAEPS). The nonlinear forcing singular vector (NFSV) approach, that is, conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation-forcing (CNOP-F), is applied in this study, to construct a nonlinear model perturbation method for GRAPES-CAEPS. Three experiments are performed: One of them is the CTL experiment, without adding any model perturbation; the other two are NFSV-perturbed experiments, which are perturbed by NFSV with two different groups of constraint radii to test the sensitivity of the perturbation magnitude constraint. Verification results show that the NFSV-perturbed experiments achieve an overall improvement and produce more skillful forecasts compared to the CTL experiment, which indicates that the nonlinear NFSV-perturbed method can be used as an effective model perturbation method for convection-scale ensemble forecasts. Additionally, the NFSV-L experiment with large perturbation constraints generally performs better than the NFSV-S experiment with small perturbation constraints in the verification for upper-air and surface weather variables. But for precipitation verification, the NFSV-S experiment performs better in forecasts for light precipitation, and the NFSV-L experiment performs better in forecasts for heavier precipitation, indicating that for different precipitation events, the perturbation magnitude constraint must be carefully selected. All the findings above lay a foundation for the design of nonlinear model perturbation methods for future CAEPSs.  相似文献   

What Drives the Decadal Variability of Global Tropical Storm Days from 1965 to 2019?     

Yifei DAI  Bin WANG  Weiyi SUN 《大气科学进展》2022,39(2):344-353

The tropical storm day(TSD)is a combined measure of genesis and lifespan.It reflects tropical cyclone(TC)overall activity,yet its variability has rarely been studied,especially globally.Here we show that the global total TSDs exhibit pronounced interannual(3-6 years)and decadal(10 years)variations over the past five-to-six decades without a significant trend.The leading modes of the interannual and decadal variability of global TSD feature similar patterns in the western Pacific and Atlantic,but different patterns in the Eastern Pacific and the Southern Indian Ocean.The interannual and decadal leading modes are primarily linked to El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO),respectively.The TSDs-ENSO relationship has been steady during the entire 55-year period,but the TSDs-PDO relationship has experienced a breakdown in the 1980 s.We find that the decadal variation of TSD in the Pacific is associated with the PDO sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies in the tropical eastern Pacific(PDO-E),while that in the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean is associated with the PDO SST anomalies in the western Pacific(PDO-W).However,the PDO-E and PDO-W SST anomalies are poorly coupled in the 1980 s,and this"destructive PDO"pattern results in a breakdown of the TSDs-PDO relationship.The results here have an important implication for seasonal to decadal predictions of global TSD.  相似文献   

浙江梅山湾表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊分布和多样性研究     

冷天泽  郭卓然  邵倩文  陆斗定  戴鑫烽 《海洋与湖沼》2024,55(1):145-154

甲藻孢囊可以为赤潮提供种源, 还可用于指示海区富营养化状态。以往对甲藻孢囊分布的研究多集中于开放性水域和自然形成的海湾中, 在半封闭性人工海湾中的研究较少。梅山湾原属南北开放水域, 但于2012~2017年在向陆侧建设了北坝和南坝, 使其成为半封闭式人工海湾。通过对梅山湾内外海域采集到的6份表层沉积物样品分析, 共鉴定出37种甲藻孢囊, 其丰度介于237~1 054 cysts/g。甲藻孢囊平均丰度湾内高于湾外, 推测是筑堤后湾内水动力减弱, 悬浮物质浓度降低, 水体透明度升高, 水中颗粒物质沉积速率降低和水体富营养化所导致。调查海域甲藻孢囊物种多样性指数介于1.63~2.47, 均匀度指数介于0.58~0.82, 两者湾外均显著高于湾内, 反映出湾内生态系统稳定性更弱, 发生赤潮的可能性更高。研究共检出16种赤潮种和9种有毒甲藻孢囊, 产毒种及赤潮种丰度和种类占比湾内都高于湾外, 优势种有原多甲藻(Protoperidinium sp.)、美利坚原多甲藻(Protoperidinium americanum)、透镜翼甲藻(Diplopsalis lenticula)、微小亚历山大藻(Alexandrium minutum)、链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)和锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)。“筑堤效应”加剧了湾内外表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊分布的差异性, 也加重了湾内有毒有害赤潮发生的风险, 故应重视对湾内有毒有害甲藻的监测。  相似文献   

A Preliminary Study on the Soft–Sediment Deformation Structures in the Late Quaternary Lacustrine Sediments at Tashkorgan, Northeastern Pamir, China     

LIANG Lianji  DAI Fuchu  JIANG Hanchao  ZHONG Ning 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(4):1574-1591

This study identified soft–sediment deformation structures(SSDS) of seismic origin from lacustrine sediments in the late Quaternary paleo–dammed lake at Tashkorgan, northeastern Pamir. The observed deformation structures include sand dykes, liquefied diapir and convolute structures, gravity induced SSDS, and thixotropic pillar and tabular structures. We conducted a preliminary study on the morphology, formation and trigger mechanisms of pillar and tabular structures formed by liquefaction of underlying coarse sand and thixotropy of the upper silty clay. The regional tectonic setting and distribution of lacustrine strata indicate that the most probable trigger for the SSDS in lacustrine sediments was seismic activity, with an approximate earthquake magnitude of M6.0; the potential seismogenic fault is the southern part of the Kongur normal fault extensional system. AMS 14 C dating results indicate that the SSDS were formed by seismic events occurring between 26050±100 yr BP and 22710±80 yr BP, implying intense fault activity in this region during the late Pleistocene. This study provides new evidence for understanding tectonic activity and regional geodynamics in western China.  相似文献   

Mid-Cretaceous Hothouse Climate and the Expansion of Early Angiosperms     

ZHANG Mingzhen  DAI Shuang  DU Baoxi  JI Liming  HU Shusheng 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(5):2004-2025

The remarkable transition of early angiosperms from a small to a dominant group characterized the terrestrial ecosystem of the Cretaceous. This transition was instigated and promoted by environmental changes. Mid-Cretaceous is characterized by major geological events that affected the global environment. δ18O, palaeothermometer TEX86, and other climatic indices from marine sediments suggest rapid temperature increase during mid-Cretaceous despite occasional short cooling events. Simultaneously, terrestrial deposits in East Asia changed from coal-bearing to shale, then to red beds and evaporites. Plant assemblages and other paleoclimate indicators point to rapid aridification for mid-Cretaceous terrestrial environments. In addition, the wildfires were frequently spread all over the earth by the numerous charcoal evidence during the Mid-Cretaceous. Thus, we speculate that the seasonally dry and hot conditions of mid-Cretaceous created a fiery hothouse world. Early angiosperms increased in abundance and diversity and evolved from a few aquatic species to terrestrial herbaceous and then to the diversified flora of today. Angiosperms showed rapid physiological evolution in vein density and leaf area that improved photosynthesis and water absorption. These ecophysiological changes made early angiosperms well adapted to the hot and dry environment in mid-Cretaceous. Moreover, these physiological changes facilitated the fire–angiosperm cycles in mid-Cretaceous that likely further stimulated the early angiosperm evolution.  相似文献